Multicriterial optimization of a heat accumulator based on phase transition using response surface methodology


Аuthors

Voropaev R. A.*, Tugaenko V. Y.

S. P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation «Energia», 4A Lenin Street, Korolev, Moscow area, 141070, Russia

*e-mail: voropaeffff@yandex.ru

Abstract

Modern space energy makes it possible to use advanced energy-consuming technologies such as radars, remote laser power supply systems, and 3D printers on board spacecraft. The relatively short operating time of such devices is accompanied by kilowatt-level heat generation, which can pose a significant problem for traditional thermal management systems that use heat removal via radiators. An alternative solution for smoothing peak thermal loads are heat accumulators based on phase-change materials, which ensure optimal heat transfer. A tubular heat accumulator based on a phase-change material ensures high efficiency of latent thermal energy storage. The efficiency and performance of the device significantly depend on geometric parameters such as the number of pipes, their internal radius, and the coolant temperature at the inlet, which necessitates optimization studies. The report presents a systematic approach used to solve the design problem, based on the developed calculation thermal models, and proposes a methodology for designing heat accumulators for various purposes. The concept of thermal calculation in space is a complex task and its solution requires the use of the results of various studies carried out relatively recently. The article analyzes the choice of the best geometry at a constant mass of the entire heat accumulator in various ratios between its components. The influence of the input temperature of the coolant on the efficiency criteria of the heat accumulator was studied. For three design variables, the optimal values of the operating time of the heat accumulator and the value of the total absorbed energy by the time the outlet temperature reaches above a specified critical value were predicted using the response surface methodology. Solving problems with moving boundaries is complex, since the law of motion of the phase separation is determined by the thermal conductivity of materials, boundary conditions and the rate at which latent heat is absorbed. The position of the phase transition boundary is unknown in advance and is part of the solution. Determining the heat removal characteristics during the phase transition involves solving the Stefan problem. An analytical solution to this problem exists only for the one-dimensional case. For any other geometry options, numerical solutions are used. Therefore, the thermal calculation is performed numerically in the ANSYS Fluent environment. 

Keywords:

heat accumulator, melting, phase change material, multicriteria optimization problems, thermal energy storage system, modeling, Ansys Fluent

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