Investigation of steam-jet liquid fuel combustion as low NOx and CO emission approach in high-pressure combustion chambers


Аuthors

Kopyev E. P., Sadkin I. S., Shadrin E. Y.*

Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics, Siberian Branch of RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia

*e-mail: evgen_zavita@mail.ru

Abstract

The article experimentally studies the method of steam-jet combustion of fuel for low CO and NOx emissions during combustion of liquid hydrocarbon fuels as applied to high-pressure combustion chambers. The aim of the work is to adapt the promising combustion method as applied to the problems of energy technologies and creation of the working fluid of power plants. The novelty of the method is contactless atomization of fuel by a steam jet and implementation of an analogue of staged combustion due to the presence of a gas generation chamber, which allow obtaining ultra-low NOx and CO emissions with high completeness of fuel combustion. To study the regularities characterizing the process of combustion of liquid fuel in a stream of superheated steam under high pressure, a model combustion chamber was used. In this combustion chamber, excess pressure is provided by additional air supply to the area of combustion product removal. For the research, the model combustion chamber was integrated with an experimental fire bench. The capabilities of the bench allow regulating the amount of supplied blast; varying excess pressure in the combustion chamber; changing the parameters of steam; record the mass flow rates of steam, fuel, air; determine the content of harmful substances in combustion products. In this work, effective steam/fuel/air ratios (primary, secondary) were determined using experimental methods to achieve the best performance of the device: 0.75/1/5/15.1. By regulating the excess air coefficient at elevated pressure in the combustion chamber of the burner device with the supply of superheated steam to the combustion zone, stable combustion modes of diesel fuel are implemented, ensuring high combustion completeness and low levels of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides in the combustion products: CO < 10 ppm, NOx < 10 ppm. Thus, low levels of carbon monoxide in the presence of superheated steam are most likely due to the fact that steam intensifies the combustion reactions and afterburning of CO due to additional hydroxyl radicals. Low levels of nitrogen oxides are associated with a low process temperature due to partial gasification of the fuel in the presence of superheated steam. As a result, the dependences of diesel fuel combustion indicators were studied during contactless spraying with a steam jet under high pressure conditions in a model combustion chamber of a gas turbine unit with low emissions of toxic combustion products. The combustion products are a gas-steam mixture that has the potential to be used as a working fluid for power plants. The obtained experimental results are in demand for the verification of mathematical models of hydrocarbon combustion with the addition of steam, as well as for the creation of low-emission and combustion chambers of promising gas turbines. 

Keywords:

low emission combustion; steam-jet combustion; combustion chamber; NOx reduction; gas steam turbine

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